How to Install Node.js on Your Raspberry Pi

Ben
Ben
@benjislab

Node.js has revolutionized the way developers think about writing server-side code, bringing JavaScript, traditionally a browser language, into the realm of network programming and beyond. On a Raspberry Pi, installing Node.js can significantly expand the device's capabilities, allowing you to write efficient applications for web servers, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and other networking projects. This guide will walk you through the process of installing Node.js on your Raspberry Pi, setting the stage for more complex and powerful applications.

Preparing Your Raspberry Pi

Before installing Node.js, ensure your Raspberry Pi is prepared:

  • Update Your System: Start by updating your Raspberry Pi to ensure all existing packages are up to date. This minimizes potential conflicts and maximizes performance:
sudo apt update sudo apt full-upgrade -y
  • Check Your Raspberry Pi Model: While Node.js can run on any model, performance will be better on newer models such as the Raspberry Pi 3 or Raspberry Pi 4 due to their enhanced processing power and memory.

Choosing a Node.js Version

Node.js releases include LTS (Long Term Support) versions, which are preferred for most users due to their stability and extended support period. You can check the latest LTS version available on the official Node.js website.

Installing Node.js on Raspberry Pi

There are several methods to install Node.js on your Raspberry Pi, but we'll focus on two main approaches: using the NodeSource binary distributions and using the package manager from Raspberry Pi OS.

Method 1: Installing Node.js from NodeSource
  1. Add the NodeSource PPA: NodeSource provides up-to-date versions of Node.js. To add the NodeSource repository for the Node.js LTS version, use the following command (replace 14.x with the version you need):
curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_14.x | sudo -E bash -
  1. Install Node.js: Once the repository is added, install Node.js and npm (Node Package Manager):
sudo apt install -y nodejs
Method 2: Installing Using apt-get

If you prefer to use the version of Node.js available directly from the Raspberry Pi OS repositories (which might not be the latest LTS version), you can install it using apt-get:

sudo apt install -y nodejs npm

Verifying the Installation

After installation, verify that Node.js and npm are correctly installed by checking their versions:

node -v npm -v

This will display the current versions of Node.js and npm installed on your Raspberry Pi, ensuring they are ready for use.

Setting Up Your Development Environment

With Node.js installed, you can now set up a basic development environment:

  • Create a Project Directory:
mkdir  ~/my-node-project  cd  ~/my-node-project
  • Initialize a New Node.js Project:
npm init -y
  • Install Node.js Packages: Install any packages you need using npm. For example, to install Express, a popular web server framework:
npm install express --save

Conclusion

Installing Node.js on your Raspberry Pi opens up a vast landscape of possibilities for developing server-side applications and managing connected devices. Whether you're building a personal web server, a home automation hub, or experimenting with IoT devices, Node.js provides the tools and ecosystem to make your project successful. With this guide, you're well-prepared to start leveraging the power of Node.js on your Raspberry Pi, pushing the boundaries of what this small but mighty device can do.